School of Law

This course will examine how civil litigation is conducted from the initiation of a lawsuit to its final resolution in a trial court. Students will examine issues relating to pleadings, joinder of claims and parties, discovery, summary judgment, motions for judgment as a matter of law, motions for a new trial, post-trial motions, and ethical limitations on pleadings and motions. The course may include a brief introduction to subject matter and/or personal jurisdiction.

This course will examine how civil litigation is conducted from the initiation of a lawsuit to its final resolution in a trial court. Students will examine issues relating to pleadings, joinder of claims and parties, discovery, summary judgment, motions for judgment as a matter of law, motions for a new trial, post-trial motions, and ethical limitations on pleadings and motions. The course may include a brief introduction to subject matter and/or personal jurisdiction.

This course will examine how civil litigation is conducted from the initiation of a lawsuit to its final resolution in a trial court. Students will examine issues relating to pleadings, joinder of claims and parties, discovery, summary judgment, motions for judgment as a matter of law, motions for a new trial, post-trial motions, and ethical limitations on pleadings and motions. The course may include a brief introduction to subject matter and/or personal jurisdiction.

This course will examine the fundamental principles governing the enforcement of promises in the legal system. Students will explore topics such as the formation of con- tracts, excuses for performance of contractual obligations, breach of contracts, remedies for breach and the rights of third parties. In the context of contract law, students will develop their analytical skills using the common law, as well as statutory (e.g. the Uniform Commercial Code) and secondary (e.g., the Restatement (Second) of Contracts) authorities.

This course will examine the fundamental principles governing the enforcement of promises in the legal system. Students will explore topics such as the formation of con- tracts, excuses for performance of contractual obligations, breach of contracts, remedies for breach and the rights of third parties. In the context of contract law, students will develop their analytical skills using the common law, as well as statutory (e.g. the Uniform Commercial Code) and secondary (e.g., the Restatement (Second) of Contracts) authorities.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course introduces the analysis and writing skills essential for practicing lawyers. Students will learn to think logically and precisely about the law, and will learn how lawyers read, analyze, organize, write, and rewrite legal documents. These skills will help students analyze the law and write about specific fact situations in a way that meets legal readers’ expectations. This is a hands-on, practice-oriented course. Students will complete writing exercises, practice citation form, and edit their written work. Major written work will consist of at least two objective legal memoranda and a persuasive legal brief.

This course will examine the legal principles that determine whether civil liability will attach to conduct that results in injuries to persons or property. Students will explore in depth, the issues and principles related to the law of neg- ligence and its elements of duty, breach, causation and damages. The course will also address principles of liability for intentional torts. Throughout the course, students will explore the social and economic policies underlying tort law principles.

This course will examine the legal principles that determine whether civil liability will attach to conduct that results in injuries to persons or property. Students will explore in depth, the issues and principles related to the law of neg- ligence and its elements of duty, breach, causation and damages. The course will also address principles of liability for intentional torts. Throughout the course, students will explore the social and economic policies underlying tort law principles.

This course focuses both on human dignity and moral reasoning. It is designed to equip students to discern and articulate connections between law, social justice, and morality. It introduces students to the foundational moral commitments that shape the structure of our system of justice and the multiple roles of the lawyer in administering that system, including some reflections on the role that faith and morality play in framing our understanding of what it means to be a lawyer. The class also specifically addresses how to improve one’s understanding and ability to work with people from different cultural contexts.

This course focuses both on human dignity and moral reasoning. It is designed to equip students to discern and articulate connections between law, social justice, and morality. It introduces students to the foundational moral commitments that shape the structure of our system of justice and the multiple roles of the lawyer in administering that system, including some reflections on the role that faith and morality play in framing our understanding of what it means to be a lawyer. The class also specifically addresses how to improve one’s understanding and ability to work with people from different cultural contexts.

This course focuses both on human dignity and moral reasoning. It is designed to equip students to discern and articulate connections between law, social justice, and morality. It introduces students to the foundational moral commitments that shape the structure of our system of justice and the multiple roles of the lawyer in administering that system, including some reflections on the role that faith and morality play in framing our understanding of what it means to be a lawyer. The class also specifically addresses how to improve one’s understanding and ability to work with people from different cultural contexts.

This course focuses both on human dignity and moral reasoning. It is designed to equip students to discern and articulate connections between law, social justice, and morality. It introduces students to the foundational moral commitments that shape the structure of our system of justice and the multiple roles of the lawyer in administering that system, including some reflections on the role that faith and morality play in framing our understanding of what it means to be a lawyer. The class also specifically addresses how to improve one’s understanding and ability to work with people from different cultural contexts.

Through this course, non-lawyers will gain a better understanding of the ways that attorneys are trained to navigate complex situations. Careful reading and analysis of case law and statutes will prepare students to address the ambiguity of many scenarios that arise in compliance work, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and argument. The course will also introduce students to the common law method by which doctrine is created; the importance and authority of statutes, codes, and regulations; and the structure of the U.S. legal system and its various actors and venues. The U.S. doctrines of contract and tort liability will form the substantive underpinning for the course, both because a knowledge of these areas is foundational for many later law courses and also because professionals working in the compliance field encounter these areas of law.

Through this course, non-lawyers will gain a better understanding of the ways that attorneys are trained to navigate complex situations. Careful reading and analysis of case law and statutes will prepare students to address the ambiguity of many scenarios that arise in compliance work, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and argument. The course will also introduce students to the common law method by which doctrine is created; the importance and authority of statutes, codes, and regulations; and the structure of the U.S. legal system and its various actors and venues. The U.S. doctrines of contract and tort liability will form the substantive underpinning for the course, both because a knowledge of these areas is foundational for many later law courses and also because professionals working in the compliance field encounter these areas of law.

This course will introduce students to basic concepts in agency and partnership law as well as the law of corporations under the Model Business Corporation Act. Students will examine fundamental legal rights and duties between corporate shareholders, directors and officers. The course will cover the legal issues of both closely held and publicly held corporations, as well as those of hybrid organizations like limited liability partnerships. If time permits, students will learn the fundamentals of corporate finance and federal regulation of corporate share trading.

This course will introduce students to basic concepts in agency and partnership law as well as the law of corporations under the Model Business Corporation Act. Students will examine fundamental legal rights and duties between corporate shareholders, directors and officers. The course will cover the legal issues of both closely held and publicly held corporations, as well as those of hybrid organizations like limited liability partnerships. If time permits, students will learn the fundamentals of corporate finance and federal regulation of corporate share trading.

This course will consider the rules governing the proof of disputed issues of fact at trial. Students will examine rules relating to relevance, presumptions and burdens, wit- nesses, scientific and demonstrative evidence, character evidence, hearsay and privileges.

This course will consider the answers offered by leading legal philosophers to the question, "What is law?" Students will review the major jurisprudential schools, including natural law, both classical and modern, positivism, and the historical school, the philosophical foundation of English common law and the doctrine of precedent. The course will examine developments in jurisprudence such as legal realism, legal pragmatism, and law and economics. Additionally, students will consider the relationship of religious faith to law and belief in natural rights.

This course will focus on the skills necessary for success- fully pursuing an appeal. After a brief introduction to the appellate process and its corresponding procedural rules, students will learn to evaluate a case for appeal, identify and narrow issues, develop a persuasive theory, and write an effective appellate brief. Additionally, students will present a 15-minute oral argument on their briefs to a moot court.

This course will focus on the skills necessary for success- fully pursuing an appeal. After a brief introduction to the appellate process and its corresponding procedural rules, students will learn to evaluate a case for appeal, identify and narrow issues, develop a persuasive theory, and write an effective appellate brief. Additionally, students will present a 15-minute oral argument on their briefs to a moot court.

This course will focus on the skills necessary for success- fully pursuing an appeal. After a brief introduction to the appellate process and its corresponding procedural rules, students will learn to evaluate a case for appeal, identify and narrow issues, develop a persuasive theory, and write an effective appellate brief. Additionally, students will present a 15-minute oral argument on their briefs to a moot court.

This course will focus on the skills necessary for success- fully pursuing an appeal. After a brief introduction to the appellate process and its corresponding procedural rules, students will learn to evaluate a case for appeal, identify and narrow issues, develop a persuasive theory, and write an effective appellate brief. Additionally, students will present a 15-minute oral argument on their briefs to a moot court.

This course will introduce you to the basics of United States legal discourse including (1) how to read and brief cases; (2) how common law lawyers analyze, compare, and synthesize cases and interpret statutes; (3) how to write legal memoranda; (4) the basics of legal research (including use of secondary sources, ALRs, case reporters and digests); and (5) how to convey advice to a client in a letter. The class will also touch briefly on scholarly writing and law school exams.

This course will introduce students to the fundamentals of federal income tax law. Topics will include the nature of income, exclusions, deductions, and exemptions. Students also will examine the tax consequences of property trans- actions, capital gains and losses, and sales of business assets.

This course will examine issues of legal ethics and the professional responsibility of lawyers. Students will study the law governing the conduct of lawyers in areas like formation of the lawyer/client relationship, conflicts of interest, confidentiality, client communications and the lawyer's role within the adversarial process. Additionally, students will move beyond the legal rules and regulations to explore expanded and aspirational ideas of what a lawyer's role can and should be in the lawyer/client relationship, in the profession and in society.

This course will examine issues of legal ethics and the professional responsibility of lawyers. Students will study the law governing the conduct of lawyers in areas like formation of the lawyer/client relationship, conflicts of interest, confidentiality, client communications and the lawyer's role within the adversarial process. Additionally, students will move beyond the legal rules and regulations to explore expanded and aspirational ideas of what a lawyer's role can and should be in the lawyer/client relationship, in the profession and in society.

Compliance and ethics management is a complex management process that requires program design that supports management's objectives, coordinated activities ot be operated across functions and geographies, and performance measurement to reasonably assure effectiveness and a return on management's investment. This course will engage participants' personal knowledge and experience- in dialogue with instructors and guests from industry with law and business backgrounds- to explore the following themes: program design frameworks and key elements (including risk identification and assessment, communication and training, investigations and discipline, reporting and disclosure, auditing and monitoring, and remediation), leading practices relating to these program elements, and how to measure effectiveness (from the perspectives of both ethics and economics). The course will also use case method and other practical examples to explore the familiar distinction between compliance-based and integrity-based programs as a link to the course, "Ethical Culture."

This course focuses on international anti-corruption law, practice, and compliance. The course will review the history and substance of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practice Act (FCPA), the theoretical and political reasons for anti-corruption laws such as the FCPA, the interpretation of the FCPA by the courts and agencies that enforce it (the U.S. DOJ and SEC), the FCPA’s impact and influence on businesses, anticorruption compliance programs and investigation best practices, the proliferation of anticorruption laws and enforcement around the world, and arguments around FCPA reform.

This course is a semester-long limited enrollment course that affords those interested in constitutional litigation an opportunity to increase and refine their trial tactics and skills. This course provides students an opportunity to enhance their effectiveness as a litigator in many areas such as trial strategy, direct examination, including use of documentary evidence, expert testimony, exclusion of evidence through motions and objections, and dispositive motions. The course will begin with a review of basic constitutional concepts such as jurisdiction, standing, ripeness, 10th Amendment limits on federal jurisdiction, and distinctions between state and federal constitutional challenges. Students will select two cases. Working in teams of two, students will take on the task of challenging one law, and defending the second. This will require students to research and brief issues of constitutional due process, free speech, and equal protection.

This class is a two-credit course focused on fundamental accounting principles. The objective of the course is to introduce financial accounting, finance, and audit concepts to law students who wish to have a basic working knowledge of these principles for a future litigation or transactional law practice. The course will help students understand and apply the basic language and theories of financial accounting, undertake basis accounting activities, and identify what business accountants and auditors do.

This course will examine the powers and limits of federal courts, with a focus on the federal courts' relationship to state courts (federalism) and to Congress and the federal executive branch (separation of powers). Topics will include standing to sue, the power of Congress to restrict the jurisdiction of the federal courts, the obligation of federal courts to apply state law, abstention by the federal courts in favor of state court decision making, the federal courts' power to issue writs of habeas corpus, constitutional limits on suits against states and a brief introduction to 42 U.S.C. 1983 and other leading federal civil rights statutes.

This course is designed to enhance study skills, exam-taking skills, and deductive and inductive reasoning skills and to help students organize and communicate complex legal materials in an effective manner. Materials will be drawn from the legal topics tested in common on the bar examination of nearly all American jurisdictions. Students will be graded on in-class quizzes, writing exercises, and Multistate Bar Examination exercises, and a final exam with components of the above plus a Multistate Performance Test question. This course is not a substitute for an outside bar review course, nor is it a substitute for any other course in the curriculum. Enrollment limited to 20 third-year students each semester, admitted by permission of the instructor.

This course introduces the ideas, methods, and institutions that make up the American financial markets. It examines the practices and operation of various markets, including those for corporate stock, debt, securitization, options, futures and commodities, as well as private investment funds and investment banking. The course further considers risk, financial crises, and regulation.

This course examines sentencing, the portion of the criminal process that often matters most to the defendant and to society. The course covers state law, federal law (including the federal sentencing guidelines), and the death penalty. Because far more cases result in a sentencing than go to trial, and because the doctrines and rules that control sentencing can be very complex, the subject is important and challenging. The course is useful for those planning to practice criminal law or those considering it, as well as for those considering federal judicial clerkships. Typically , the grade for the course is determined by a final exam and a sentencing exercise.

The subject matter of these courses will vary from year to year, but will not duplicate existing courses. Descriptions of these courses are available in the Searchable Class Schedule on Murphy Online, View Searchable Class Schedule

The subject matter of these courses will vary from year to year, but will not duplicate existing courses. Descriptions of these courses are available in the Searchable Class Schedule on Murphy Online, View Searchable Class Schedule

The subject matter of these courses will vary from year to year, but will not duplicate existing courses. Descriptions of these courses are available in the Searchable Class Schedule on Murphy Online, View Searchable Class Schedule

The subject matter of these courses will vary from year to year, but will not duplicate existing courses. Descriptions of these courses are available in the Searchable Class Schedule on Murphy Online, View Searchable Class Schedule

This course will examine the legal limits on administrative agencies under the Constitution, the Administrative Procedure Act and other statutes. Students will explore constitutional limits on Congress' power to delegate law- making and judicial power to agencies, procedural limits on agency rulemaking and decision making and limits on the availability and scope of judicial review of agency actions.

This course will introduce students to basic principles of bankruptcy law and practice. Students will explore topics like eligibility for bankruptcy, powers of the bankruptcy trustee, collection and distribution of the debtor's estate, rights of creditors and discharge of the debtor. Although the course will focus on individual bankruptcy under Chapter 7 of the bankruptcy laws, students will also examine issues of corporate reorganization under Chapter 11 and rehabilitation under Chapter 13.

This course will explore issues in forming, operating, and disposing of closely held businesses, building on the foundations laid in the Business Associations and Federal Income Taxation courses. Using readings, problem sets, class discussions, sample agreements, statutes, and regulations, students will explore the factors involved in selecting a sole-proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or limited liability company as the proper form for engaging in business. Students will draw on the experience of experts in the fields of investment banking, mergers and acquisitions, and corporate finance in examining issues related to the buying and selling of businesses. Students will learn how to draft documents relevant to these transactions. [Prerequisites: Federal Income Taxation and Business Associations]

This course will explore law enforcement interactions with individuals and the ways in which constitutional constraints upon governmental investigative practices limit the use of evidence in criminal trials. In particular, students will examine interactions during police stops, searches and seizures, arrests and interrogation and will view all of these interactions in light of the rights conferred through the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.

This course will explore law enforcement interactions with individuals and the ways in which constitutional constraints upon governmental investigative practices limit the use of evidence in criminal trials. In particular, students will examine interactions during police stops, searches and seizures, arrests and interrogation and will view all of these interactions in light of the rights conferred through the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.

This course will examine the legal mechanisms available to regulate and remedy environmental harm. Although students will learn about some common law claims, most of the course will focus on federal environmental statutes and regulations like the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act and the statutes relating to hazardous substances. The course will introduce students to interviewing, counseling and negotiation skills in an environmental law context.

This course will explore the legal and policy issues relating to the creation and dissolution of family relation- ships. Students will examine topics such as marriage requirements, co-habitation, marital contracts, property distribution upon divorce, spousal support, child custody and child support.

This course will expose students to the civil pre-trial process - complaint, answer, discovery, despositions, motions and settlement.

This course will introduce students to the legal framework of patent law and important aspects of patent law practice and litigation. Students will explore topics like patentable subject matter, requirements for obtaining a patent, drafting of patent claims, suits for infringement of a patent and remedies for infringement. Additionally, students will examine the relationship between patent law and other forms of intellectual property protection.

This course will cover the law governing contracts for the sale of goods under Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code. Topics will include contract formation, including the statute of frauds and the parole evidence rule; express and implied warranties; the mechanics of performance, including transfer of title and tender; and remedies for breach of contract.

This course will explore the rights and duties of parties to secured transactions under Article 9 of the Uniform Com- mercial Code. Students will examine what remedies are avail- able to secured and unsecured creditors in the collection of debts and what rights remain with debtors in protecting their assets from creditors.

This course will examine federal and state securities laws that regulate the process of financing business by dis- tributing securities to the public. Topics will include the nature of a security, exemptions from registration, sec- urities distribution and trading, the functions of the Securities and Exchange Commission, registration and disclosure requirements, "blue sky" laws, proxy rules, broker/dealer regulation, the regulation of investment companies and civil liabilties. Prerequisite: Business Associations

This course will introduce students to the law governing the transmission of property following death. Students will examine the justifications and limitations on the power to transmit one's property, the operation of intestacy statutes, the capacity to make a will, the requirements of a valid will, the construction of wills, and the inter-vivos trust and other will substitutes.

This course will consider the major legal issues arising out of the employment relationship. Students will consider the employment-at-will doctrine and sources of employment law, and then will examine issues involving the establishment and terms of employment; the obligations of employers and employees; the regulation of pay, hours, and the workplace environment; the termination of employment; worker's compensation; and post-employment benefits such as unemployment compensation, ERISA, and social security.

This course will help students explore their role as counselors and servant leaders in an organizational setting. Using a case study methodology common in business schools, students will discuss cases and real-world problems with a focus on counseling and problem solving. After reflecting on their own values, students will examine the concept of leadership within the profession and will hear from numerous guest lecturers who are leaders in Minnesota's legal and corporate communities.

This seminar will explore the law as a subject or theme in selected literary classics. Playwrights from Aristophanes to Robert Bolt (A Man for All Seasons) have used a court of law and the legal profession to help tell their timeless stories. Nineteenth-century novelists Charles Dickens and Fyodor Dostoevsky, and twentieth-century novelists Albert Camus (The Stranger) and Harper Lee (To Kill A Mockingbird) have used the law as a theme as well. The seminar will compare the civil and common law systems as reflected in literature and will examine the evolution of the jury. Students will work in teams to write and perform a one-act play based on subject matter studied in class..

This course will introduce students to business decisions made in small firms. Students will examine Decision Areas and analyze them through Decision Issues. Students will develop a framework for making ethical business-side decisions, identifying stakeholders in decision-outcomes, and look holistically at the consequences of specific decisions on stakeholders. Students will prepare a mission statement and business plan.

This course will examine perspectives on interviewing and counseling clients, with an emphasis on interviewing techniques, processes for facilitating and structuring inter -views, and active listening to clarify information and develop a relationship with a client. Students will learn to recognize psychological factors affecting the interviewing process, overcome client resistance and hostility and ident- ify legal issues and relevant facts. The course will develop skills through role playing and simulations. Students also will explore the ethical responsibilities of attorneys in the context of client counseling.

This course will examine the theory and practice of resolving legal disputes through negotiation, with an emphasis on negotiation theory, negotiation strategy and settlement dynamics. The course will develop negotiation skills through role playing and simulations. Students will also explore the ethics of negotiation and the ethical responsibilities of attorneys in the context of negotiations on behalf of a client.

This course will examine the theory and practice of resolving legal disputes through negotiation, with an emphasis on negotiation theory, negotiation strategy and settlement dynamics. The course will develop negotiation skills through role playing and simulations. Students will also explore the ethics of negotiation and the ethical responsibilities of attorneys in the context of negotiations on behalf of a client.

This course will teach trial preparation, technique and strategy. Through lectures, demonstrations and simulations, students will learn how to conduct pretrial negotiations, prepare and respond to motions, deliver opening and closing statements, introduce evidence, respond to objections and conduct direct and cross-examinations of witnesses. Prerequisite: LAWS 705

The judicial externship offers students an opportunity to learn about the judicial process, the impact lawyers have on the administration of justice, and the role of judges, judicial law clerks, and other court staff. Judicial externs work under the direct supervision of state or federal judges and their staff, and students will have the opportunity to discuss active cases with judges and staff. Judges will expect students to have excellent research, analytical, and writing skills. Students must be certain that they are prepared to commit to completing the work as assigned by judges/staff. Externship students will be expected to track and complete 150 hours of work in this course, with at least 130 of those hours devoted to fieldwork, and students will participate in the classroom component as well. Enrollment in the externship is by application only. To be eligible for a credit-earning externship, a student must first complete a minimum of 28 credits of study. Externship students must be in good standing. Externship students may be subject to other prerequisites/policies as required by the placement.

Students in the Trademark Law clinic will gain the analytical skills, practical knowledge, and legal background to counsel businesses in the area of intellectual property. Students will counsel clients about trademark applications, prepare and file trademark applications, and prepare responses to Office Actions. Students may have the opportunity to bring or defend opposition or cancellation proceedings and argue before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board.

The public interest externship offers students an opportunity to learn about public interest practice while engaging in significant hands-on legal work in a field placement at a public interest organization or government agency. Students will be challenged to discuss complex issues of ethics, access to justice, and professional growth through personal and group reflection exercises. Placement organizations will provide the extern with an appropriate workload designed to challenge the student while serving the mission of the organization. Externship students will be expected to track and complete 150 hours of work in this course, with at least 130 of those hours devoted to fieldwork, and students will participate in the classroom component as well. Enrollment in the externship is by application only. To be eligible for a credit-earning externship, a student must first complete a minimum of 28 credits of study. Externship students must be in good standing. Externship students may be subject to other prerequisites/policies as required by the placement.

The Consumer Bankruptcy Clinic involves the filing of a Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition on behalf of an individual or a married couple. You will participate in the intake and retention of the client or clients. You will meet directly with clients and obtain the necessary information to properly prepare a bankruptcy case. You will learn to analyze the financial situation of the debtor, prepare the bankruptcy petitiion, schedules and statement of financial affairs and file them with the court. If the case is a Chapter 13, you will also prepare a Chapter 13 plan under which the debtor will repay all or some of his or her debt. You will appear on behalf of the debtors at the meeting of creditors, and monitor the case through the clients receiving their discharge. This will include responding to any requests from the trustee. In addition to gaining valuable experience in (1) consumer bankruptcy and (2) dealing directly with clients, you will be providing a valuable service to those who are less fortunate than most.

The advanced externship allows students to expand on a previous externship and to continue to develop both the necessary skills and substantive knowledge for professional success. Students will reflect on what they learned in their precious externship and outline, in consultation with the course instructor, semester goals for the advanced externship. Students are eligible for an advanced externship only if they have completed a previous externship semester. The advanced externship can be completed through either: (a) the same placement in the same externship program; or (b) a different placement in the same externship program. Externship students will be expected to track and complete 150 hours of work in this course, with at least 130 of those hours devoted to fieldwork, and students will participate in the classroom component as well. Enrollment in the externship is by application only. To be eligible for a credit-earning externship, a student must first complete a minimum of 28 credits of study. Externship students must be in good standing. Externship students may be subject to other prerequisites/policies as required by the placement.

A small number of students who have completed a semester in the Trademark Clinic may be asked to participate in Advanced Clinic for a second semester by continuing client representation and providing assistance to new clinic students. The course will focus on furthering the skills involved in representing trademark clients and developing practices for mentoring other budding attorneys. Enrollment by permission only.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 2L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

The LLM Mentor Externship incorporates two of UST Law’s curricular innovations -- the Mentor Externship Program and the Foundations of Justice course -- to provide LLM students a unique inside view of the American system of justice. Each LLM student is matched with a “mentor” who is active in the legal profession. This relationship is supplemented and supported by the MEFJP course, in which students explore the practical aspects of crafting a professional identity as a lawyer, and reflect together on the fundamental theoretical and moral principles that shape the identity of lawyers across different legal and social cultures. The MEFJP is tailored to help LLM students address the particular challenges of bridging the difference between the legal and social culture of the United States, and the different legal and social cultures in which the LLM students received their primary legal degrees.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

Mentor Externship II is a year-long seminar course taken in fall and spring semester of the 3L year. The seminar integrates the student’s mentor fieldwork with small group coursework that reinforces the development of a trusted mentor relationship, core competencies and expectations of the profession, and other key relationships lawyers must manage. The course also incorporates individualized guidance to assist each student in his or her self-directed professional development journey.

In the business externship, students have the opportunity to gain hands-on experience by working in the in-house legal department of a business or in the corporate/business practice of a law firm. Students also come together weekly for a classroom component, taught by the course professor(s), which involves exercises and reflection regarding the experiential learning in their placements. Externship students will be expected to track and complete 150 hours of work in this course, with at least 130 of those hours devoted to fieldwork, and students will participate in the classroom component as well. Enrollment in the externship is by application only. To be eligible for a credit-earning externship, a student must first complete a minimum of 28 credits of study. Externship students must be in good standing. Externship students may be subject to other prerequisites/policies as required by the placement.

Students in the Community Justice Project engage in legislative advocacy, problem-solving, legal research and writing, community outreach, and help to shape public policy on cutting-edge civil rights issues. Following the sub-Saharan African ideology of “Ubuntu,” students focus on creating systemic changes in the arenas of economic development, criminal justice, juvenile justice, reentry, and public education. The Community Justice Project also works to build bridges with stakeholders in community, local government, law enforcement, nonprofits, and philanthropy. Enrollment with permission only

Students will represent immigrants seeking to improve their legal status in the United States and may handle political asylum applications, claims under the Violence Against Women Act, and other forms of immigration law relief. Students may conduct client interviews, engage in local and international fact investigation, draft immigration applications and client affidavits, work with expert witnesses, draft legal briefs, and represent clients before immigration judges and immigration-related divisions of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Enrollment by permission only.

A small number of students who have completed a semester in the Clinic: Elder Law Practice Group may be asked to part- icipate in the clinic practice for a second semester by continuing client representation and providing assistance to new clinic students. Enrollment by permission only.

A small number of students who have completed a semester in the Clinic Community Justice Project may be asked to participate in the Community Justice Project as advanced students. Enrollment by permission only.

A small number of students who have completed a semester in the Clinic: Immigration Law Practice Group may be asked to participate in the clinic practice for a second semester by continuing client representation and providing assistance to new clinic students. Enrollment by permission only.

Students in the Elder Law and Guardianship Alternatives clinic will represent seniors and persons with disabilities in cases involving possible guardianship and conservatorship. Students will also work in educating judges, attorneys, educators, social service providers, and the general public about alternatives to guardianship. Students will engage in public policy advocacy to encourage and support the use of alternatives to guardianship that preserve the autonomy and dignity of clients. Students will interview and counsel clients, research and investigate legal and factual issues, develop a theory of the case, draft transactional documents, draft and file pleadings, do discovery, negotiate settlements, and represent clients in bench trials in probate court.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Under the supervision of a faculty member, a student may receive up to two hours of course credit for researching and writing a substantial paper on a topic of the student's own choosing. The student must receive the instructor's per- mission to enroll in this course and must meet periodically with the instructor for discussion, review and evaluation. Each faculty member may supervise the research of no more than five students each semester.

Third-year students only. Students in the Appellate Clinic will work on a pro bono civil appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in collaboration with the University of Arkansas. Students will review the trial court record, identify and research issues for appeal, prepare an opening brief and a reply brief, and a student may be designated to present the oral argument to the court. 3 credits in the fall, 1-3 credits in the spring. Students should anticipate two semesters, but second semester involvement is dependent on case progress (spring semester is called Advanced Appellate). Third-year students who took clinic during their second- year may apply. Enrollment by permission only.

Students in the Federal Commutations clinic will work under the supervision of a professor representing individuals seeking federal commutations of sentence. Will likely involve travel to federal penitentiaries. Students in this clinic are expected to continue work in the spring semester. 2 credits/semester (spring semester is called Clinic: Advanced Federal Commutations). Enrollment by permission only. Prerequisite: LAWS 725 Professional Responsibility (concurrent registration allowed).

This nonprofit clinical course focuses on the legal needs of aspiring nonprofits that originate from law students at UST law. As this course helps these organizations get off the ground and sustain themselves, the course provide a vehicle graduates can harness to promote social and economic justice here and abroad. Students who take this class are better equipped to volunteer for nonprofit organizations and serve on their boards, promoting servant leadership and social justice. 2 semester commitment, 3 credits each semester (spring semester is called Advanced Nonprofit Organizations). Prerequisite: LAWS 725 Professional Responsibility (allowed to be taken concurrently)

The Bankruptcy Litigation Clinic involves representing an indigent party in Federal Bankruptcy Court. Students will handle cases from beginning to end. The student may draft a complaint, answer, conduct discovery, participate in motion practice, and finally, defend the client at the trial. Typical cases involve representing either a debtor who has been sued for a denial of discharge, or representing a creditor to have one or more of the creditor's claims declared non-dischargeable. - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Students in the Appellate Immigration Group will represent immigrant or institutional clients in cases before the federal courts of appeals the Board of Immigration Appeals. Students will develop an understanding of the interaction of federal courts and administrative agencies, the rules of federal appellate practice, the applicable standards of review, strategic choices in issue development, the use of a fixed record, and the state of the law on different immigration issues across circuit courts. Activities will focus on drafting legal briefs but may also include collaborating with other advocates, working with opposing counsel, and leading interactions with immigrant clients. Students must complete three semesters of law school before registering for this course.

Misdemeanor defense externship students will attend classes to learn about the practical and official rules of criminal procedure in Minnesota courtrooms. Students will be assigned to a practicing public defender attorney to learn how to represent clients in different types of proceedings (generally assigned based on student interest - for example, students interested in representing juveniles will be assigned to a juvenile division). Externship students will be expected to track and complete 200 hours of work in this course, with at least 160 of those hours devoted to fieldwork, and students will participate in the classroom component as well. Enrollment in the externship is by application only. To be eligible for a credit-earning externship, a student must first complete a minimum of 28 credits of study. Externship students must be in good standing. Externship students may be subject to other prerequisites/policies as required by the placement.

Advanced misdemeanor defense externship can be taken for one to three credits as determined by the student and instructor. One credit is equal to 50 hours of time, consisting of both fieldwork and classroom time. Advanced misdemeanor defense externship students will assist and train misdemeanor defense externship students in the courtroom setting. The advanced misdemeanor externship student(s) will attend the misdemeanor defense externship classes, which are dedicated to topics that are practiced by students in a moot courtroom setting (bail arguments, negotiations, guilty plea colloquies). In those classes, the advanced student(s) will conduct demonstrations, serve as judges, and provide feedback to students in the misdemeanor defense externship. Enrollment in the externship is by application only. To be eligible for a credit-earning externship, a student must first complete a minimum of 28 credits of study. Externship students must be in good standing. Externship students may be subject to other prerequisites/policies as required by the placement.

A small number of students who have completed a semester in the Clinic: Non-Profit Organizations may be asked to participate in the clinic practice for a second semester by continuing client representation and providing assistance to new clinic students. Enrollment by permission only.