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WHAT BOYS AND GIRLS LEARN THROUGH SONG: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF GENDER TRAITS AND SEX BIAS IN TWO CHORAL CLASSROOM TEXTBOOKS
PATRICK J. HAWKINS
Arizona State University
Abstract
In an effort to further the understanding of gender traits or sexual bias that high school-aged choral music students might be exposed to in their curricular materials, two choral textbooks Choral Connections Beginning Level 1 Treble Voices and Choral Connections Beginning Level 1 Tenor-Bass Voices published by Glencoe MacGraw-Hill in 1999 were analyzed using a modified Bem Sex Role Inventory Model. The results found that significantly more songs were about men than were about women. The songs selected for the treble voices were more androgynous, while the secular music presented to the boys was significantly more masculine in the traits: assertive, masculine/heterosexual, adventurous, and self-reliant. Gender stereotypes were also found in the volumes. Lastly, women and minority groups were presented less often than were males and the white majority.
About the Author
Patrick Hawkins is the Director of Vocal and Piano Studies at the
Phoenix Preparatory Academy in the Phoenix Elementary School District,
and he also serves as the Organist/Choirmaster at the Episcopal Church
of the Nativity in Scottsdale, Arizona. Previously, he taught as a
choral music teacher in the Rowland Unified School District and in the
Palm Springs Unified School District in California. Mr. Hawkins has
presented workshops for the Southern California MENC and for the 2006
ACDA regional conference in Salt Lake City, Utah. In addition, he has
presented recitals and workshops throughout the USA for the American
Guild of Organists (AGO) and is currently serving on the program
committee for the 2009 AGO regional convention in Phoenix, Arizona. As a
keyboard artist he has been featured in solo concerts in England,
France, Germany, and was a guest lecturer at Yonsei University in Seoul,
South Korea. Most recently in the summer of 2007, he was the only
American artist featured at the prestigious international organ festival
in Saarbruecken, Germany. He has recorded keyboard works of Johann
Sebastian Bach for the Arkay Records label. As a composer, he has a
forthcoming publication for SSA women choir through Treble Clef Music
Press. Mr. Hawkins has published articles in the Music Educators
Journal, The Diapason, and in The American Organist. His research
interests include gender studies, music by women composers, and keyboard
pedagogy. Mr. Hawkins holds a BM in organ performance from the Peabody
Conservatory of Music, and a MM in organ performance from East Carolina
University. His music teaching credential was earned at California State
University in Los Angeles and he holds an school administration
credential from Chapman University. He has pursued graduate work in
music education at the University of Washington and is currently a
candidate for a DMA in organ performance at Arizona State University.
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